Fungicide and insecticide



Patnted i 23, 1930 I UNITED STATES.

PATENT OFFICE WALTER G. Wm 01' BUM, NEW'EAHPSHIBE runolomn AND msnc'rrcmn 80 Drawing.

' This invention relates to fungicides and insecticides and more particularly to compositions that exhibit both fungicidal and insecticidal properties which supplement each other, and to promsses-of making such compositions.

. here have been numerous attempts in the reasons among which may be noted that water-in-oilemulsions were often used which upon dilution required additional emulsifying agents with the result that the metallic component was either so altered as to be rendered substantially inefiective, or to cause.

burning.

Among the tion is the production of "fungicides and inagainst the acti sccticides that are free iromsuch disadvan-- tages; that arebretained on the plants etc. n of rain etc.; and that exhlbitmany other advantages.

being understood however that this more detailed descriptionris given by Way of illustration only, andnot by way oflimitation since various changes may he made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of this invention.

A rincipal feature ofthe invention resides in the use of an oil having insecticidal properties. White oil obtained as a. fraction of appropriate propertiesfrom the distillation of crude hydrocarbon oil, the product being refined so that it is not toxic to foliage, offers. an excellent material for these purposes. Such an oil will exhibit characteristically a viscosity. not over one hundred secends Saybolt at one hundred degrees Fahrenheit, and will show not over one percent loss objects of the present inven Application .flled Kay 18, 1827 Serial No. 192,488.

to sulphuric acids. The color is not important butis' a term commonly used in referri ng to oils of this description.

If desired this refined oil may be used to extract any suitable organic material such as pyrethrum of various species, derris of various species, or other substances that will furnish an additional killing agent efiective against insects. Ur, suchmaterials may be added to the refined oil. p5

The refined oil, either with or without the addition of the organic material, is then emulsified, using-tor that purpose any suitable emulsifying agent, such as potash or rosin soap, oleic acid soap, ammonium casein- 30 ate, or others, the resulting emulsion containing about thirty-five percent of water, more or less.

This oil-in-water emulsion of white ml is then combined with a metallic component, 35

particularly in colloidal condition. As such metallic component, the colloidal copper material resulting from the reduction of copper compounds by appropriate reducing agents may be used. For example, a copper com- 7 I 1 pound such as copper hydroxide orcupric The invention will be illustrated by the more detailed description set forth below, it

oxide, or a soluble compound such ,as copper sulphate is intimately mixed with waste m0,- lasses such as black strap or waste sulp'hite liquor in the resence of alkali. such as sodium hydroxi e, and the materials allowed to react until reductionof the copper to the colloidal condition results. Heat may be used inefiecting such reduction, and when so used the temperature is desirably kept below 5 100 C; say preferably at C. The colloidal copper aste resulting from sucn treatment is proliabl-y acuprous oxide or hy-. drated oxide.v 7

While copper compounds have. been re- 5 ferred to above, other'metallic components may be used in a strictly analogous manner.

The colloidal copper paste is then compounded with the oil emulsion referred to shove. This may be done by each with appropriate amounts of water, the two materials so diluted then being poured together. Or, the oil emulsion may be so adjusted by use of a suitable emulsifying agent as to make possible a satisfactory combination of the colloidal copper paste and the oil ing made at the rate of one gallon of oil to' one pound of pyrethrum. This impregnated oil is then emulsified to secure a stable emulsion. A colloidal copper paste is prepared as indicated above. One pound of this paste is diluted with twenty-five gallons of water. One gallon of the impregnated oil emulsion is diluted with twenty-five gallons of water. These two are combined by pouring them together. The resulting material is found to possess marked efliciency as an agent for killing leaf-eating insects, such as caterpillars, and for killing sucking insects, such as plant lice. It is free of disadvantages incident to such materials such as arsenate of lead, hitherto used for killing leaf-eating insects, because such materials could not safely be employed on edible plants. It is effective in preventing the growth of fungous diseases, such as the so-called blight attacking potatoes. It is innocuous to foliage. It gives a new and valuable completeness of coating of the leaf surface. It is resistant to rain in a new and valuable manner.

The type of fungicide and insecticide'obtained as a result of this invention has several unique and desirable properties. For example considering the co per containing material referred to hereina ove, it may be note-d a spray of the copper material alone (that is not in the oil emulsion) like others of its class, presents certain characteristics in drying on the leaves. The particles of copper tend to collect toward the periphery of the globules of the spray. After the globules dry, it leaves these particles in a ring. Also, as the globule dries, it tends to contract while retaining its globular form. There is therefore a mechanical limitation to the completeness with which the leaf surface is covered. On the other hand, in the combination referred to above the droplets of spray made therefrom, present a flattened shape. particles of oil to which some of the still smaller particles of copper adhere, and dispersed among these 011 articles are many other copper particles. As the droplet dries the particles of oil spread and coalesce, thus Within each droplet there are some.

distributing the copper particles evenly over the leaf surface. llt follows therefor, that there is a more complete coverage by copper when using the products of the present invention, this being an important factor in that is more resistant to rain than is r in-water emulsion necessary to obtain dilution prior to application, large quantities of additional emulsifying agent were required, resulting in the copper being so altered as to be ineffective, or to cause burning. Insofar as known, the products of this invention, solve this problem for the first time.

Of considerable practical importance is the fact, that by the present invention there is obtained a material that, because of its copper content is an effective fungicide, because of its oil content is a contact insecticide, and bei cause of the organic alkaloid contained in it, I

is an efiective killing agent for caterpillars or other leaf eating insects.

The term waste material having reducing and colloid-protecting properties is hereinafter used to refer to both the waste molasses reducing agent and also the waste sulphite liquor. The term impregnated white oil is hereinafter used to cover the white oil con taining an added ingredient as the extracted pyrethrum referred to above.

Having thus set forth my invention, ll claim:

1. A fun icide and insecticide consisting of hydrocar on white oil carrying a colloidal metal derivative component.

2. A fungicide and insecticide consisting of a hydrocarbon white oil emulsion carrying a colloidal copper containing material.

3. A,fungicide and insecticide consisting of a hydrocarbon white oil emulsion in water and a colloidal copper containing material obtained by reduction of a copper compound in the presence of alkali by waste molasses of en ar refineries.

4. g fungicide and insecticide consisting of white oil emulsion and a colloidal copper containing product obtained by the reduction of a copper compound by a waste material having reducing and colloid-protecting properties.

5. A fungicide and insecticide consisting of an impregnated white oil and a metal derivative component.

6. A fungicide and insecticide consisting of a pyrethrum-impregnated hydrocarbon white oil carrying a colloidal copper material.

7. A fungicide and insecticide consisting of an oil-in-water emulsion carrying a colloidal metal derivative com nent, said oil being a hydrocarbon oil whic is not toxic to foliage, but which oil exhibits a viscosit of not substantially over 100 seconds Saybo t at WALTER C. OKAN 

